高温热结构复合材料的连接技术

综述了高温热结构复合材料之间的连接技术.主要包括C/C复合材料之间采用热压炭素、反应生成SiC的连接;C/SiC复合材料的液相硅渗透连接;SiC基复合材料的钎焊连接;SiC/SiC复合材料与钨板的扩散连接等.并简介了高温热结构复合材料连接在航天及核工业上的应用.     

搅拌针对FSSW-B接头界面组织与力学性能的影响

铝/镁异种金属复合结构在结构轻量化领域具有极大的应用价值。采用新型搅拌摩擦点焊-钎焊技术(friction stir spot welding-brazing,FSSW-B)对铝/镁异种金属进行搭接点焊,同时与搅拌摩擦钎焊(friction stir spot brazing,FSSB)工艺进行对比,研究焊接工具中搅拌针的存在对接头界面组织与力学性能的影响。FSSW-B接头界面中间层分为明显上下2个部分,上层界面主要为MgZn₂相,下层界面主要为Mg₇Zn₃相;FSSB接头主要为MgZn₂相。接头的断裂模式主要为界面剥离断裂,由于搅拌针的存在,出现了眉状断裂模式。搅拌针的存在提高了接头的抗拉剪性能与疲劳性能,FSSW-B接头的最大抗拉剪力为7600 N,疲劳极限为3366.6 N;搅拌针使抗拉剪性能提升了53.5%,使疲劳性能提升了11.4%;FSSW-B中搅拌针的存在增加了接头疲劳性能的分散性。     

清洗工艺对GH4099蜂窝夹层结构钎焊性能的影响

目的 研究激光清洗和离子轰击对GH4099蜂窝夹层结构钎焊性能的影响,优化GH4099蜂窝夹层结构焊前清洗工艺。方法 分别用400#砂纸、不同激光功率(60~200 W)、不同离子轰击时间(1~2 h)对GH4099带材表面进行了砂纸打磨、激光清洗和离子轰击试验,分析了激光清洗和离子轰击对GH4099表面形貌、O元素含量、BNi2钎料润湿性的影响,测试了不同清洗工艺下蜂窝夹层结构钎焊接头的拉伸性能。结果 随激光功率从60 W增加到100 W,GH4099表面O含量逐渐降低,表面粗糙度逐渐增大,钎料润湿面积百分比增加到83.5%,润湿性增加。当激光功率大于100 W时,表面残留网状分布的氧化物,导致钎料润湿性降低。当激光功率进一步增加到200 W时,氧化物网状分布现象减轻,润湿性随之增加,粗糙度也有所降低;随离子轰击时间从1 h增加到2 h时,带材表面氧化皮逐渐去除干净,钎料润湿性随之增加,钎料对离子轰击2 h的表面的润湿面积百分比达到91.2%,与400#砂纸打磨的相当。经离子轰击2 h、1 020 ℃-15 min钎焊获得的夹层结构等效抗拉强度为11.9 MPa。结论 与激光清洗相比,离子轰击可以同时去除蜂窝型面及附近侧壁部分的氧化皮,能更有效地改善钎料对蜂窝基体的润湿性。     

K9玻璃与2507不锈钢的真空钎焊

采用不同Ti含量的Sn Ag Cu-x%Ti复合钎料对K9玻璃与2507不锈钢进行了真空钎焊,研究了Ti含量对接头界面组织和力学性能的影响。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和光学数码显微镜(OM)对钎焊接头组织结构进行了分析,用万能材料试验机对接头进行了剪切试验测试得到其力学性能,并对断口界面进行了分析。结果表明,接头界面典型组织结构为2507不锈钢/FeSn_2/Fe Sn/Sn(s,s)/Ti-Sn/K9玻璃。随着复合钎料中Ti含量的增加,接头界面中Ti-Sn化合物增多,且剪切强度升高。在钎焊温度为675℃,保温时间为10 min时,接头室温剪切强度最高达7. 3 MPa。钎焊接头断裂于K9玻璃并延伸至钎料中。     

Graphene-coated copper foam interlayer for brazing carbon/carbon composite and niobium

Problems such as poor structural integrity, inhomogeneous dispersion, and agglomeration of graphene in the brazing seam are typically encountered for graphene additives in a brazed joint interface. To resolve these problems, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process was employed for in-situ preparation of a high-quality graphene-coated copper (Cu) foam composite interlayer prior to be applied for brazing carbon/carbon composite and niobium. The prepared graphene and the brazed joints were characterized via Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that graphene was evenly distributed in the brazing seam with the help of the Cu foam, which was characterized by interconnected porosity. Simultaneously, the excellent chemical inertia of graphene inhibited the collapse of the Cu foam, based on which the thermal residual stress in the joint was effectively mitigated due to the synergistic reinforcement effect of the Cu foam (with good plastic deformation capacity) and graphene (with extremely low coefficient of linear expansion). This effect led to significant improvement in the average shear strength of the joint.     

A brief review of brazing diamond in cutting tools

Diamond has high hardness and good wear resistance. It is widely used in cutting tools and workpieces. Brazing is an effective method to realize high quality cemented carbide joints in various materials connection technologies. This paper analyzes the research status of diamond brazing in detail. The materials used as brazing filler in diamond brazing are reviewed. Copper base filler and nickel base filler are the most commonly used brazing filler in diamond brazing. The advantages and disadvantages of diamond grinding tools under different production methods are analyzed. In addition, a series of new brazing alloys such as amorphous Ni based brazing filler metals are analyzed. Finally, the development trend of diamond brazing is pointed out.     

New filler metal systems for the brazing of titanium alloys

It’s well known welding takes the leading role in development of titanium structures. However, in number of cases technological processes of brazing are more appropriate and, sometimes, being the single possible, in particular, during production of multilayer thin-wall structures. It should be noted that brazing filler metals of Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Zr-Ti-Ni and Cu-Zr-Ti systems in a form of plastic foils, as well as in powder form are mainly used in world practice for brazing of titanium alloys. Present work provides the results of complex investigations of brazing filler metals of Ti-Zr-Fe, Ti-Zr-Mn and Ti-Zr-Co systems using differential thermal analysis, light and scanning microscopy, X-ray microspectrum analysis. Data on melting ranges of pilot alloys were obtained, and liquidus surfaces of given systems using simplex-lattice method were build. Brazing filler metals covering brazing temperature range of current structural titanium materials based on solid solutions as well as intermetallics were proposed. Structure, chemical inhomogeniety and strength characteristics of brazed joints were studied. It is determined that brazing of solid solution based alloys (OT4, VT6) using indicated brazing filler metals ensures strength characteristics of joints, which are not inferior to that obtained with application of known brazing filler metals even if they are received at lower brazing temperature.     

Interfacial microstructure and properties of YG11C/42CrMo joint brazed with BCu64MnNi filler metal

Brazing hard alloy to high strength steel, incomplete atomic diffusion and excessive brittle reaction product precipitation at the faying interface are usually suffered because of incomplete understanding the process of the initial interface disappearing and diffusion layer forming and evolving. In this paper, hard alloy YG11C (WC-11wt.%Co) and high strength steel 42CrMo were picked up as base metals and BCu64MnNi as filler metal to clarify the interfacial microstructure evolution. The process parameters of dwell time were set as 30s, 60s, 120s, and 300s and braze temperature were set as 950℃, 970℃, 990℃, 1010℃, the effect of which on the evolution of interfacial microstructure, tensile strength, integrated with fracture morphology analysis, were conducted. The results showed that increasing brazing temperature from 950℃ to 970℃, no significant difference existed in the joint interface, whereas brazed at 990℃, the binder phase erosion occurred, i.e. the liquid filler metal etched into Co binder phase of WC-Co base metal, which caused WC particles debonding from the base metal surface and formed an micro-anisotropic zone.. Increase temperature to 1010℃, severe binder erosion happened so as to micropores appear. Through the parameters optimization, the tensile strength can reach to the maximum 589MPa at temperature of 970℃. The dwell time showed similar effect on tensile strength because longer dwell time also caused erosion and porosity owing to long-time diffusion and reaction.     

基于高体分SiCp/Al材料的空间相机主支撑结构研制

作为空间相机光学元件的载体,主支撑结构对于确保光学元件相对 位置的长期准确稳定具有决定性作用。由于具有比刚度高、热稳定性好等优点,高体分碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC_p/Al)复合材料 非常适用于航天光机结构。利用超声波钎焊技术可以解决高体分SiC_p/Al材料的焊接问题,这 为其在空间相机主支撑结构上的应用奠定了基础。介绍了一种基于高体分SiC_p/Al材料的某空 间相机的主支撑结构。通过工程分析比较了同一主支撑结构分别采用TC4和高体分 SiC_p/Al两种材料时的力学性能差异。结果表明,采用高体分SiC_p/Al材料制成的主支撑结构在质量上轻了31.8%,在一阶频 率上高了25%。通过力热试验可知,该主支撑结构在焊缝强度和尺寸稳定性等方面均满足使用要求。     

Ultrasonic-assisted fluxless reactive bonding of Mg/Al dissimilar alloy using Zn–Al solder in air

An ultrasonic-assisted reactive brazing method, without flux and conducted in air, was developed to braze Mg/Al dissimilar alloys. By using pre-coated Zn–Al solders on the Al sheet and a short-time ultrasonic (3?s) assistance, the Mg/Al dissimilar sheets were successfully brazed at a low temperature (340°C). The effect of Al content of the solder on the shear strength was investigated based on the analysis of the microstructure and the fracture behaviour of the brazed joint. The results indicated that the microstructure and the shear strength of the ultrasonic-assisted brazed joint were significantly affected by Al content in Zn–Al solders. Increasing Al content in Zn–Al solder prevented the joint from forming the continuous brittle MgZn₂ layer. The maximum shear strength of 110.5?MPa was obtained when Zn–15Al solder was used, because the joint possessed the optimum microstructure of the soft (Al, Zn) eutectoid matrix with the MgZn₂ dispersed particles.